Afectaciones físicas y psicológicas en personas pos-COVID-19 en Oaxaca, México / Post-COVID-19 physical and psychological effects on people in Oaxaca, Mexico / Efeitos físicos e psicológicos em pessoas pós-COVID-19 em Oaxaca, México

RESUMEN Introducción: La COVID-19 trajo consigo múltiples afectaciones sobre todo en el ámbito de la salud. Estas se manifiestan progresivamente en quienes la padecen con relación a los síntomas presentados, que se hacen visibles a corto y largo plazo a nivel físico y mental. Objetivo: Identificar las afectaciones físicas y psicológicas consecuencia de la COVID-19 en personas activas físicamente antes de la enfermedad, durante el periodo comprendido de enero a mayo de 2021. Método: Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa de corte descriptivo-interpretativo. Se empleó para el estudio una muestra de 5 adultos de 27 a 66 años de edad originarios de Juchitán, Oaxaca, México, los cuales fueron seleccionados a partir de los siguientes criterios: haber sido portadores, el nivel de gravedad (leve/moderado) y haber realizado actividad física constante antes de padecer COVID-19. Las técnicas para el acopio de información aplicadas fueron: la entrevista y el cuestionario. Resultados: Se evidenció una drástica disminución con relación a los componentes de la actividad física (tipo, frecuencia, intensidad y duración), así como la prevalencia de afectaciones psicológicas: estrés, depresión, ansiedad y miedo. En cuanto a las afectaciones a nivel físico se destacó la pérdida de peso y la fatiga (100 %), seguido por la caída del cabello (80 %) en los estudiados. Conclusiones: La disminución de la actividad física es consecuencia de la propia enfermedad, mientras que las afectaciones psicológicas son resultado de la incertidumbre que genera el padecimiento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 brought with it multiple effects, especially in the field of health. These manifest progressively in those who suffer from it in relation to the symptoms presented, which become visible in the short and long term at a physical and mental level. Objective: To identify the physical and psychological effects caused by COVID-19 in physically active people before the disease, during the period from January to May 2021. Method: Was used a descriptive-interpretative qualitative methodology. A sample of 5 adults from 27 to 66 years of age from Juchitán, Oaxaca, Mexico was used on the study; who were selected based on the following criteria: having been COVID-19 carriers, level of severity (mild/moderate) and have performed constant physical activity before the infection. The techniques applied for collecting information were: the interview and the questionnaire. Results: A drastic decrease was evidenced in relation to the components of physical activity (type, frequency, intensity and duration), as well as the prevalence of psychological affectations: stress, depression, anxiety and fear. Regarding the effects at the physical level, weight loss and fatigue (100%) stood out, followed by hair loss (80%) in those studied. Conclusions: The decrease in physical activity is a consequence of the disease itself, while the psychological effects are the result of the uncertainty generated by the disease.

RESUMO Introdução: A COVID-19 trouxe consigo múltiplos efeitos, principalmente no campo da saúde. Estes manifestam-se progressivamente em quem a sofre em relação aos sintomas apresentados, que se tornam visíveis a curto e longo prazo a nível físico e mental. Objetivo: Identificar os efeitos físicos e psicológicos causados pela COVID-19 em pessoas fisicamente ativas antes da doença, durante o período de janeiro a maio de 2021. Método: Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa descritivo-interpretativa. Uma amostra de 5 adultos de 27 a 66 anos de Juchitán, Oaxaca, México foi utilizada para o estudo, que foram selecionados com base nos seguintes critérios: ter sido portadores, o nível de gravidade (leve/moderado) e ter realizado atividade física antes de sofrer de COVID-19. As técnicas de coleta de informações aplicadas foram: a entrevista e o questionário. Resultados: Evidenciou-se uma diminuição drástica em relação aos componentes da atividade física (tipo, frequência, intensidade e duração), bem como a prevalência de afetações psicológicas: estresse, depressão, ansiedade e medo. Quanto aos efeitos a nível físico, destacaram-se a perda de peso e a fadiga (100%), seguidas da queda de cabelo (80%) nos estudados. Conclusões: A diminuição da atividade física é consequência da própria doença, enquanto os efeitos psicológicos são decorrentes da incerteza gerada pela doença.

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With COVID-19: Results of the UMC-19-S1010.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of knowledge about the real incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with COVID-19, their clinical characteristics, and their prognoses. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of ACS in patients with COVID-19 in the emergency department. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all COVID-19 patients diagnosed with ACS in 62 Spanish emergency departments between March and April 2020 (the first wave of COVID-19). We formed 2 control groups: COVID-19 patients without ACS (control A) and non-COVID-19 patients with ACS (control B). Unadjusted comparisons between cases and control subjects were performed regarding 58 characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS: We identified 110 patients with ACS in 74,814 patients with COVID-19 attending the ED (1.48% [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.21-1.78%]). This incidence was lower than that observed in non-COVID-19 patients (3.64% [95% CI 3.54-3.74%]; odds ratio [OR] 0.40 [95% CI 0.33-0.49]). The clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 associated with a higher risk of presenting ACS were: previous coronary artery disease, age ≥60 years, hypertension, chest pain, raised troponin, and hypoxemia. The need for hospitalization and admission to intensive care and in-hospital mortality were higher in cases than in control group A (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.36 [95% CI 1.84-22.1], aOR 4.63 [95% CI 1.88-11.4], and aOR 2.46 [95% CI 1.15-5.25]). When comparing cases with control group B, the aOR of admission to intensive care was 0.41 (95% CI 0.21-0.80), while the aOR for in-hospital mortality was 5.94 (95% CI 2.84-12.4). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ACS in patients with COVID-19 attending the emergency department was low, around 1.48%, but could be increased in some circumstances. Patients with COVID-19 with ACS had a worse prognosis than control subjects with higher in-hospital mortality.

Incidence, clinical, risk factors and outcomes of Guillain-Barré in Covid-19.

We diagnosed 11 Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases among 71,904 COVID patients attended at 61 Spanish emergency departments (EDs) during the 2-month pandemic peak. The relative frequency of GBS among ED patients was higher in COVID (0.15‰) than non-COVID (0.02‰) patients (odds ratio [OR] = 6.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.18-12.5), as was the standardized incidence (9.44 and 0.69 cases/100,000 inhabitant-years, respectively, OR = 13.5, 95% CI = 9.87-18.4). Regarding clinical characteristics, olfactory-gustatory disorders were more frequent in COVID-GBS than non-COVID-GBS (OR = 27.59, 95% CI = 1.296-587) and COVID-non-GBS (OR = 7.875, 95% CI = 1.587-39.09) patients. Although COVID-GBS patients were more frequently admitted to intensive care, mortality was not increased versus control groups. Our results suggest SARS-CoV-2 could be another viral infection causing GBS. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:598-603.